This report summarizes the research efforts of using finite element modeling and simulations to evaluate the performance of W-beam guardrails for different heights under MASH Test Level 2 (TL-2) and Test Level 3 (TL-3) impact conditions. A literature review is included on performance evaluation of W-beam guardrails as well as applications of finite element modeling and simulations in roadside safety research.
The modeling and simulation work was conducted on W-beam guardrails placed at a height of 27, 29 and 31 inches with vehicular impacts of a 1996 Dodge Neon and a 2006 Ford F250. All three W-beam guardrail placement heights were evaluated and compared to MASH TL-2 conditions, i.e., both vehicles were tested at an impact speed of 44 mph (70 km/hour) and a 25 degree impact angle. The 29- and 31-inch W-beam guardrails were also evaluated under MASH TL-3 conditions, i.e., both vehicles were tested at an impact speed of 62 mph (100 km/hour) and a 25 degree impact angle.
The simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the 27-, 29- and 31-inch guardrails under MASH TL-2 conditions. They also showed the effects of guardrail heights on the vehicles’ post-impact responses such as redirection, snagging and large exit angles. The use of finite element simulations was shown to be both effective and efficient because they were nondestructive, repeatable, modifiable, and inexpensive. Furthermore, finite element simulations can be used to study crash scenarios that are difficult and/or extremely expensive to conduct with physical crash testing. Finite element modeling and simulations are recommended for future investigations of other research issues.
