The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) for detection of species is rapidly increasing. However, little research has been done examining the efficacy of eDNA surveys for use in management compared to traditional methods such as electrofishing. We utilized a previously developed eDNA survey for federally endangered Roanoke Logperch Percina rex to directly compare eDNA and backpack electrofishing surveys at 23 sites (8 presumed positive, 8 presumed negative, and 7 exploratory). Detection rates, person hours, and total cost were evaluated for each method. Electrofishing detected Roanoke Logperch at one site while eDNA detected Roanoke logperch at nine sites. Additionally, eDNA survey methodology required approximately 57% fewer person hours and reduced cost by 31%, even when molecular troubleshooting was included in the calculations. With optimized protocols, eDNA surveys are expected to reduce person hours by 77% and total cost by 54% over traditional electrofishing while simultaneously increasing detection rates. While eDNA cannot currently address questions of age class structure, population estimates, or health, these rapid and cost-effective surveys can provide information that will help management agencies streamline and prioritize future intensive electrofishing surveys.
